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Abstract

Social and Preventive Medicine (SPM) is a fundamental field in public health, focusing on preventing diseases, promoting well-being, and enhancing the quality of life for entire populations. Unlike curative medicine, which deals with treating illnesses after their onset, SPM emphasizes proactive measures through health education, policy development, community involvement, and creating supportive environments. It operates across three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of disease through vaccination, lifestyle modification, and health promotion. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment to halt disease progression, while tertiary prevention aims to minimize the impact of chronic diseases and enhance quality of life through rehabilitation and long-term care.Key strategies in SPM include health education, community participation, health promotion, and policy advocacy. Health education empowers individuals with knowledge to make informed health choices, while community participation ensures culturally appropriate health interventions. Health promotion creates environments that support healthy living, and policy advocacy focuses on establishing regulations that address social determinants of health and promote equity.