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Abstract

Addiction is a complex neurobiological disorder, influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Among the various substances that cause addiction, alcohol and drugs are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Research indicates that genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in determining an individual’s vulnerability to addiction, including alcohol and drug abuse. The study of genetics in addiction, particularly through twin, family, and adoption studies, has revealed that genetic factors contribute to between 40% and 60% of the risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs). This paper explores how heritable traits influence susceptibility to alcohol and drug abuse by examining key genetic markers, neurotransmitter systems, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. It also looks at the implications of genetic findings for prevention, treatment, and future research. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of addiction can ultimately lead to personalized approaches in treating individuals with alcohol and drug use disorders and reduce the societal burden of addiction-related issues