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Abstract

Respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia, represent a significant public health burden worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 3 million people die each year from chronic respiratory diseases, with COPD alone accounting for 3% of all deaths globally. In addition, respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, are a leading cause of death among young children and the elderly. Exposure to particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants can increase the risk of developing asthma, COPD, and other respiratory conditions. In addition, air pollution can worsen symptoms in people who already have these conditions, leading to more frequent and severe exacerbations. Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, and it is also a major contributor to respiratory diseases. Smoking is responsible for approximately 90% of all cases of COPD, and it increases the risk of developing lung cancer and other respiratory conditions. Secondhand smoke is also a significant risk factor for respiratory disease, particularly in children and non-smoking adults who are exposed to smoke in their homes or workplaces.