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Abstract

Nicotine dependence, a prevalent public health concern, traps millions in a cycle of tobacco use despite its detrimental effects. This review explores the neurobiology behind nicotine's addictive properties, highlighting its interaction with the brain's reward system and the development of tolerance. The characteristic signs and symptoms of dependence are outlined, including the inability to quit, withdrawal symptoms, continued use despite health risks, and increasing tolerance. Furthermore, the review delves into the reinforcing cycle of dependence, where initial pleasure from nicotine use leads to adaptation, cravings, and continued use. Finally, it offers a glimpse of hope by outlining treatment options such as nicotine replacement therapy, medications, behavioral therapy, and support groups, paving the way for individuals to break free from nicotine's grip.

Nicotine dependence, often used interchangeably with nicotine addiction, stands as a formidable foe in the battle for public health. It ensnares millions worldwide, driving the continued use of tobacco products despite their well-documented and devastating consequences. This review delves into the complexities of nicotine dependence, exploring its mechanisms, the signs and symptoms it presents, and the pathways to escaping its grip.