黑料网

Abstract

The lithosphere, a critical component of Earth’s structure, is the outermost layer of our planet. It encompasses both the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, extending to a depth of about 100 kilometers (62 miles). This rigid, solid shell plays a fundamental role in many geological processes and is crucial to understanding the dynamics of Earth’s surface. The lithosphere is not a uniform layer but is divided into several tectonic plates that float on the more fluid asthenosphere beneath. This interaction between the lithosphere and asthenosphere drives many of the geological phenomena we observe, from earthquakes to volcanic activity