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Abstract

Public health disparities, defined as differences in health outcomes between population groups, continue to be a significant global challenge. Epidemiology plays a crucial role in identifying, understanding, and addressing these disparities by examining the distribution and determinants of health outcomes across diverse populations. This review article discusses the key contributions of epidemiology in elucidating public health disparities, explores the methods and approaches used in epidemiological studies, and highlights the implications for policy and interventions aimed at reducing health inequities. By leveraging epidemiological insights, public health efforts can be more targeted, equitable and effective in improving health outcomes for all individuals and communities.