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Abstract

The human microbiome, the complex community of microorganisms residing within the body, has emerged as a critical factor influencing health and disease. In the context of organ transplantation, the microbiome has been implicated in various post-transplant complications, including infections, rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This review explores the current understanding of the role of the microbiome in organ transplantation outcomes, focusing on the mechanisms by which the microbiome influences the immune system and the potential for microbiome-based interventions to improve transplant success.