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Abstract

Atherosclerosis, a complex and multifaceted disease, often begins in childhood and progresses over time, driven by various risk factors. While the exact cause remains unclear, the condition is typically triggered by damage to the arterial endothelium resulting from factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and elevated blood lipid levels. This endothelial damage initiates a cascade of events, including the accumulation of blood cells and cellular debris, which contributes to plaque formation within the arteries. The buildup of plaque narrows the arterial lumen, impeding blood flow and potentially leading to severe cardiovascular complications. Contributing factors include smoking, high triglyceride levels, and inflammatory diseases like lupus and arthritis. Understanding the early onset and progression of atherosclerosis is crucial for developing preventive strategies and effective treatments.