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Abstract

Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) has gained significant attention as a potential biomarker for immunotherapy in cancer. TMB refers to the number of mutations present within a tumor genome, and higher TMB levels have been associated with an increased likelihood of successful responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. As the landscape of cancer treatment evolves, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches, especially for cancers with high mutational load. This article explores the role of TMB as a biomarker in immunotherapy, its potential for predicting treatment efficacy, challenges associated with its clinical implementation, and the future directions of TMB research. By understanding how TMB influences immunotherapy outcomes, clinicians and researchers can better identify patients who are most likely to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapies, thereby enhancing personalized cancer treatment strategies.