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Abstract

Genital warts, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, represent one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections globally. This comprehensive review explores the various aspects of genital warts, encompassing epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prevention strategies. The prevalence of genital warts has been steadily rising, posing a significant public health concern. The causative agents, predominantly HPV types 6 and 11, contribute to the development of characteristic warty lesions in the genital and perianal regions. Despite the generally benign nature of genital warts, the associated psychosocial impact on affected individuals and the potential for malignant transformation underscore the importance of understanding and managing this condition. The clinical presentation of genital warts varies widely, ranging from small, discreet lesions to larger, cauliflower-like growths. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and, in some cases, histopathological evaluation. Various treatment options, including topical agents, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and surgical excision, aim to eliminate visible lesions and alleviate symptoms. However, the recurrence of genital warts remains a challenge, necessitating ongoing research into more effective therapeutic approaches.

Preventive measures, such as vaccination against high-risk HPV types, routine screening, and safer sexual practices, play a pivotal role in reducing the incidence of genital warts. The implementation of vaccination programs has shown promising results in decreasing the prevalence of HPV infection and associated diseases. This review discusses the current status of HPV vaccines, emphasizing their role in preventing genital warts and related complications. genital warts represent a common and clinically significant manifestation of HPV infection, demanding a multidimensional approach for effective management. Ongoing research efforts aimed at refining diagnostic methods, developing novel therapeutic interventions, and expanding vaccination initiatives are crucial in mitigating the burden of genital warts on public health.