黑料网

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the Central Nervous System (CNS), leading to significant neurological impairment. The pathophysiology of MS involves an aberrant immune response that targets myelin, the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers, resulting in demyelination, axonal damage, and a variety of debilitating symptoms. The clinical presentation of MS is heterogeneous, commonly manifesting as fatigue, sensory disturbances, visual impairments, muscle weakness, and cognitive dysfunction. There are several forms of MS, including Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), Primary Progressive MS (PPMS), and Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS), each with distinct patterns of disease progression. Diagnosis of MS remains complex due to the variability of symptoms and the absence of a definitive test. The diagnostic process typically involves a comprehensive evaluation, including medical history, neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify lesions, lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and evoked potential tests to assess nerve conduction. While there is currently no cure for MS, a range of treatment options exists to manage symptoms and modify disease progression.