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Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a diverse group of conditions that originate in the early stages of brain development, affecting an individual’s cognitive, motor, and social abilities. These disorders can present significant challenges to individuals and their families, influencing various aspects of life from early childhood through adulthood. Understanding neurodevelopmental disorders involves exploring their causes, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and approaches to management and intervention. Autism Spectrum Disorder is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder involves persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Specific Learning Disabilities affect academic skills in areas such as reading, writing, and mathematics. Intellectual Disability entails limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Communication Disorders encompass difficulties with speech and language development.