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Abstract

Oral lesions encompass a broad spectrum of pathologies affecting the oral cavity, ranging from benign to malignant conditions. These lesions can manifest in various forms, including ulcers, masses, discolorations, and other abnormalities, often causing discomfort and impacting oral function. Understanding the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of oral lesions is essential for healthcare professionals, as timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly impact patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of oral lesions, including their classification, common etiological factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic modalities. Through an exploration of the diverse array of oral lesions, this review aims to enhance awareness, facilitate early detection, and improve management strategies for these conditions.

Oral lesions encompass a diverse array of pathological conditions affecting the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, gingiva, palate, and other oral mucosal surfaces. These lesions can arise from various etiologies, including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, neoplastic, and developmental factors. Understanding the clinical presentation, histopathological features, and underlying mechanisms of oral lesions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the common oral lesions encountered in clinical practice, including aphthous ulcers, candidiasis, leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and others. Diagnostic approaches, differential diagnoses, and treatment modalities for each type of oral lesion are discussed, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among dental professionals, dermatologists, otolaryngologists, and oncologists. Additionally, preventive measures and patient education strategies aimed at reducing the risk of oral lesions are emphasized, underscoring the significance of oral health promotion and regular dental examinations. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for healthcare providers involved in the diagnosis and management of oral lesions, contributing to improved patient outcomes and quality of life.