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Abstract

Parkinsonism refers to a group of neurological disorders characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (PD), the most prevalent form of parkinsonism. The condition results from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremors, and postural instability. While the precise etiology of PD remains uncertain, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and neuroinflammatory processes are believed to contribute to its development. Other forms of parkinsonism, such as drug-induced parkinsonism, vascular parkinsonism, and atypical parkinsonism (e.g., multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy), have distinct causes and pathological features.Diagnosis of parkinsonism primarily involves clinical assessment, including medical history and neurological examination, supported by imaging studies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dopamine transporter scans. There is no definitive test for parkinsonism; however, a positive response to dopaminergic medications can reinforce the diagnosis. Management of parkinsonism focuses on alleviating symptoms and enhancing the quality of life.