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Understanding the Role of Chromosome 21 for Precision Treatment in Down Syndrome Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Elyse Page^1,2 and Deborah White^1,2,3,4,5,6*

¹Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Australia

²School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia

³Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia

⁴Australian and New Zealand Children’s Haematology/Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Australia

⁵Australian Genomic Health Alliance (AGHA), Australia

⁶Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Australia

Received Date: Dec 17, 2020 / Accepted Date: Jan 09, 2021 / Published Date: Jan 16, 2021

Citation: Page E, White D (2021) Understanding the Role of Chromosome 21 for Precision Treatment in Down Syndrome Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 11: 508.

Copyright: © 2020 Page E, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Children with Down Syndrome (DS) are predisposed to developing Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) and experience lower overall survival (75%) compared to children without Down syndrome (85-90%). The mortality rate for paediatric DS-ALL patients is four times higher than non-DS-ALL patients in the first two years after their diagnosis. Increased chemotherapy-related toxicity is experienced by DS-ALL patients, however, new immunotherapies including bi-specific T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies are being pursued in clinical trials. Fundamental research has identified 31 genes in the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21 which play a role in leukaemogenesis. Understanding these genes will be critical to identify the predisposition DS patients have for developing ALL, as well as discovering new targeted therapeutic approaches. The aim is to identify the role(s) of chromosome 21 genes to establish less toxic treatment options for DS-ALL patients.

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