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Abstract

Gas chromatography (GC) stands as a powerful analytical technique in the realm of molecular exploration; facilitating the elucidation of intricate molecular landscapes across various domains of scientific inquiry. This abstract encapsulates the essence of GC’s prowess in unraveling molecular intricacies and delineates its indispensable role in diverse fields. In the realm of environmental science; GC emerges as a cornerstone methodology for the detection and quantification of pollutants; volatile organic compounds; and hazardous chemicals. Its high sensitivity and selectivity enable precise monitoring of air; water; and soil matrices; thus aiding in environmental risk assessment and remediation strategies. Moreover; in the pharmaceutical and biomedical domains; GC plays a pivotal role in drug discovery; pharmacokinetic studies; and clinical diagnostics. By separating complex mixtures into their constituent compounds; GC facilitates the identification of biomarkers; pharmaceutical impurities; and metabolites; thereby advancing therapeutic interventions and precision medicine approaches. In the petrochemical and food industries; GC serves as an indispensable tool for quality control; ensuring the purity and safety of products. By analyzing volatile and semi-volatile compounds; GC enables the authentication of food flavours; assessment of food additives; and detection of contaminants; thereby safeguarding public health and consumer interests. Furthermore; in the realm of forensics and homeland security; GC emerges as a vital instrument for trace analysis and forensic investigations. Its unparalleled sensitivity enables the detection of trace amounts of explosives; drugs; and chemical residues; thereby assisting law enforcement agencies in criminal investigations and border security measures.