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Abstract

Cellular metabolism is fundamental to the maintenance of life, playing a central role in providing energy, regulating cellular functions, and ensuring overall homeostasis. This process involves complex biochemical reactions that convert nutrients into energy, as well as synthesize key molecules necessary for cell growth and maintenance. The efficiency and regulation of metabolic pathways are tightly controlled by cellular signaling networks, and any disruption in these processes can contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. This review aims to unravel the mechanisms of cellular metabolism, highlighting the interconnectedness between metabolic pathways and cellular functions. It discusses the impact of alterations in metabolism on disease pathogenesis and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic reprogramming. By exploring the biochemical foundation of cellular energy production, nutrient sensing, and metabolic shifts in diseases, we seek to provide a comprehensive understanding of how metabolism influences both health and disease states. Understanding these mechanisms holds promise for developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat metabolicrelated diseases.