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Abstract

Environmental exposures play a significant role in shaping diabetes risk, with emerging evidence highlighting the complex interplay between environmental factors and molecular pathways underlying diabetes pathogenesis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological evidence linking environmental exposures to diabetes risk and explores the molecular mechanisms by which environmental factors contribute to the development and progression of diabetes. We examine the impact of air pollution, chemical contaminants, endocrine-disrupting compounds, dietary factors, and psychosocial stress on diabetes risk, highlighting key findings from epidemiological studies and experimental research. Additionally, we discuss the potential for targeted interventions and public health strategies to mitigate the impact of environmental exposures on diabetes prevalence and improve population health outcomes.