黑料网

Abstract

Viral infections play a significant role in oral health, influencing the pathogenesis of various oral diseases. The oral cavity serves as both an entry point and a reservoir for several systemic viruses, many of which manifest in the oral mucosa. Some of the most common viral infections affecting dental health include herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and coxsackievirus. These viruses can cause a range of clinical conditions, such as oral herpes, oral warts, oral cancers, and viral exanthems. HSV, for example, is notorious for causing recurrent oral lesions, known as cold sores, while HPV is implicated in oropharyngeal cancers, particularly those linked to tobacco and alcohol use. EBV is associated with conditions like hairy leukoplakia and is a key player in the development of certain lymphomas. Moreover, viral infections in the oral cavity may exacerbate other conditions, including periodontal disease and oral candidiasis, by altering the local immune response and facilitating bacterial overgrowth. The impact of viral infections on oral health extends beyond acute manifestations. Chronic infections, such as persistent HSV or HPV infections, can lead to long-term complications, including the development of precancerous lesions and malignancies. Viral infections also present unique challenges in diagnosis and management, requiring interdisciplinary approaches that combine antiviral therapy, surgical intervention, and preventive strategies. The increasing prevalence of HPV-related oral cancers, coupled with the emergence of new antiviral therapies, highlights the need for ongoing research into viral pathogenesis and treatment modalities. Furthermore, viral infections can complicate dental procedures, requiring careful management to reduce the risk of transmission to both patients and healthcare providers. Ongoing advances in diagnostic tools, such as PCR testing and serological assays, alongside the development of vaccines and targeted therapies, are helping to improve the detection, prevention, and management of viral infections in dental practice. This underscores the importance of raising awareness about the role of viral pathogens in oral disease and integrating viral infection management into routine dental care.