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Abstract

Water scarcity represents a critical global challenge, deeply intertwined with the dynamics of the hydrosphere, which includes oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers. This paper explores the multifaceted issue of water scarcity, examining its causes, impacts, and potential solutions. Human activities, such as over-extraction, pollution, and climate change, are disrupting the natural balance of the hydrosphere, leading to reduced water availability and quality. The consequences of water scarcity are profound, affecting ecosystems, economies, and human health. Addressing this challenge requires a comprehensive approach, including water conservation, advanced wastewater treatment, desalination, integrated water resources management, climate change mitigation, and public awareness initiatives. By understanding the relationship between water scarcity and the hydrosphere, and implementing effective strategies, we can work towards sustainable water management and ensure a resilient future for both people and the environment.