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Hammer toe; Footwear; Shoe modifications; Orthotics; Foot deformities; Pain management

Introduction

Hammer toe is a deformity where one or more toes are bent at the middle joint, causing discomfort and difficulty in wearing standard footwear [1-3]. The condition may develop due to various factors, including muscle imbalances, abnormal biomechanics, or prolonged pressure from tight shoes. In some cases, it can be congenital or result from other foot deformities like bunions. The progression of hammer toe can lead to painful calluses, corns, and even difficulty in walking. Proper footwear is essential for managing the symptoms, preventing further deformation, and improving the patient's quality of life [4]. This article explores key footwear considerations for individuals with hammer toe, such as shoe design, materials, and specific modifications to enhance comfort and reduce pressure on the affected toes.

Materials and methods

Designed with additional space in the toe box, built-in arch support, and extra cushioning, orthopedic shoes were examined for their benefits in managing hammer toe [5]. Running and walking shoes with supportive features such as soft uppers, low heels, and padded insoles were assessed for their suitability in hammer toe management. Custom-made insoles designed to provide specific arch support, cushioning, and alignment correction were included in the evaluation. Pre-fabricated insoles, often made from foam or gel, were reviewed for their affordability and effectiveness in managing mild to moderate cases of hammer toe.

Used to assess the distribution of pressure across the foot during walking and standing. This data helps identify areas of excessive pressure on the toes and foot, which can be alleviated by proper footwear. A biomechanical assessment of walking gait and toe movement was used to understand how different footwear designs affect the mechanics of the foot in individuals with hammer toe [6]. Patients with hammer toe were asked to complete surveys regarding the comfort, fit, and pain reduction associated with various types of footwear. Data gathered from literature, clinical studies, and patient surveys were analyzed to determine which footwear features had the greatest impact on managing hammer toe symptoms. Statistical tests such as chi-square analysis and t-tests were employed to evaluate differences in pain levels, comfort, and mobility associated with different shoe designs. Only studies with robust sample sizes and clear methodologies were included in the analysis. Studies that focused on adult patients with diagnosed hammer toe and evaluated the impact of footwear or orthotics on the condition were prioritized. Research examining both conservative treatments (like footwear modifications) and surgical interventions was also considered for comparison. The methods and materials used in this review aimed to comprehensively assess how various footwear characteristics influence the management of hammer toe. By evaluating both clinical evidence and expert opinions, along with patient feedback, the study provides a well-rounded view of effective footwear strategies [7]. Future research may include controlled trials to provide more concrete evidence of footwear efficacy and to refine specific recommendations for individuals with hammer toe.

Results and Discussion

Footwear selection and modifications are integral in managing hammer toe, especially for individuals who experience pain or discomfort due to the deformity [8]. The following features have been identified as most beneficial for individuals with hammer toe: Shoes with a wider toe box can prevent excessive pressure on the affected toes, providing sufficient space for the toes to spread naturally. This feature is particularly helpful for individuals whose hammer toe causes the toes to overlap or curl. Footwear made from soft, flexible materials can reduce friction and prevent irritation on the toes. Leather, mesh, and soft fabric uppers are often preferred for their ability to stretch and mold to the foot, minimizing discomfort.

High heels can exacerbate hammer toe by forcing the toes into a cramped position. Shoes with a low or flat heel are recommended, as they promote a more natural alignment of the foot and reduce the strain on the toe joints [9]. Proper arch support is essential for maintaining the alignment of the foot and preventing additional strain on the toes. Orthotic insoles or shoes with built-in arch support can help redistribute pressure evenly across the foot, reducing the risk of further deformities and discomfort. Shoes with good cushioning and shock absorption can reduce the impact on the toes when walking or standing. This is particularly important for individuals with hammer toe, as it helps alleviate pain and prevent additional stress on the toe joints. Custom-made orthotics, or insoles, can provide additional support and alignment correction [10]. These devices are tailored to the individual's foot shape and can help alleviate pain by redistributing pressure and providing stability to the foot's arch and joints.

Conclusion

Hammer toe is a prevalent condition that can significantly affect a person's quality of life. Proper footwear plays a crucial role in alleviating symptoms, preventing further deformities, and promoting mobility. Key features such as a wide toe box, soft materials, low heels, and proper arch support can make a significant difference in comfort. For more severe cases, custom orthotics may be necessary to provide additional support and reduce pain. Footwear choices should be made based on individual needs and severity of the condition, and individuals should consult with healthcare professionals for personalized recommendations. By incorporating these footwear strategies, individuals with hammer toe can reduce discomfort, prevent progression, and improve overall foot health.

Acknowledgement

None

Conflict of Interest

None

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