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Abstract

Subclinical diseases pose a pervasive yet often overlooked threat to the health and productivity of aquatic environments. Unlike acute outbreaks, these insidious infections manifest without overt clinical signs, making detection and management challenging. This abstract provides an overview of subclinical diseases in aquatic environments, highlighting their impacts, detection challenges, and management strategies. Subclinical infections compromise immune function, reduce growth rates, and increase susceptibility to secondary infections, posing risks to aquaculture operations, wild fisheries, and ecosystem health. Detection of subclinical diseases requires sensitive diagnostic tools, including molecular techniques and biomarker-based approaches, to identify asymptomatic carriers. Management strategies encompass robust biosecurity measures, optimized husbandry practices, and targeted vaccination programs to prevent disease introduction and transmission. Continued research and innovation are essential for advancing our understanding of subclinical diseases and developing proactive management strategies. By recognizing the significance of subclinical infections and implementing holistic approaches, stakeholders can promote the health, resilience, and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.