Anthelmintic Resistance in Small Ruminant of Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
*Corresponding Author: Solomon Mekuria Wudneh, Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, Email: solmk2010@gmail.comReceived Date: May 10, 2022 / Published Date: Jul 18, 2022
Citation: Wudneh SM (2022) Anthelmintic Resistance in Small Ruminant of Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Ethiopia. J Clin Exp Pathol 12:416.
Copyright: © 2022 Wudneh SM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants becomes an emerging problem worldwide including Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify, evaluate and synthesize primary literature reporting anthelmintic resistance of GIN in small ruminants in Ethiopia. Based on the predefined criteria, 13 articles published between 2005 and 2017 were included and used for the review. Data on geographic region, adopted animal management, animal spy, number of animals involved, study approach, type of anthelmintic drugs, pre-treatment and post-treatment egg count, route of drug administration and dosage were collected. The final data base was composed of 13 articles with 76 studies using a total of 1,958 animals. Pooled average reduction percentage showed Roomie and Southern regional state showed high resistance. Studies on intensive farm and goats were superior in anthelmintic resistance compared to extensive farm and sheep. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference observed on resistance among anthelmintic drugs used. Tetramizole/levamizole, Albendazole and Ivermectin showed anthelmintic resistance with the prevalence of 37.9% (11/29), 29.2% (7/24) and 26.1% (6/23) respectively. Pooled average value of reduction percentage indicated that more resistance recorded in intensive farm and goats to all three anthelmintic analyzed. The forest plot did not show a difference (P>0.05) between interventions (resistance and efficacy) but indicated differences in proportion of effect sizes and dispersion of true effect size using I2 and T2 output, correspondingly. Significant publication bias observed with both Bag’s and Egger’s which could be due to exclusion criteria and high heterogeneity. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggests anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants can’t be overlooked at least in four region reported. Therefore there is a need to bring attention of stakeholders to use strategic anthelmintic treatment.
