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Broad Humoral Immunity Generated in Mice by a Formulation Composed by Two Antigens from Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2

Yadira Lobaina^1,2, Rong Chen^1,3, Edith Suzarte², Panchao Ai^1,3, Vivian Huerta^1,2, Changyuan Tan^1,3, Liz Alvarez-Lajonchere², Yang Liling⁴, Alexis Musacchio^1,2, Ricardo Silva^1,5, Gerardo Guillén², Jiang Zaixue⁶, Ke Yang^1,3, Yasser Perera^1,2 and Lisset Hermida^1,5*

¹Department of Genetics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Cuba, Havana, Cuba

²Department of Genetics, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba

³Department of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China

⁴Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, Guangdong, China

⁵Department of Genetics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Cuba, Beijing, China

⁶Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, China

Received Date: Oct 27, 2022 / Published Date: Feb 17, 2023

Citation: Lobaina Y, Chen R, Suzarte E, Ai P, Huerta V, et al. (2023) Broad Humoral Immunity Generated in Mice by a Formulation Composed by Two Antigens from Delta Variant of SARS-Cov-2. J Infect Dis Ther 11:534

Copyright: © 2023 Lobaina Y, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Study background: Due to the rapid development of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as the real threat of new Coronavirus zoonosis events, the development of a preventive vaccine with a broader scope of functionality is highly desirable. Previously, we reported the functionality of a nasal formulation based on the preparation of the nucleocapsid protein with the ODN-39M and combined with RBD, both antigens from Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. This combination induces a cross reactive immunity in mucosal and systemic compartments until sarbecovirus level. In the present study, we explored the magnitude of the immunity generated in Balb/C mice by the same formulation, but adding alum as adjuvant, so as to enhance the humoral immunity against the two antigens.

Methods: Animals were immunized with three doses of the bivalent formulation, administered by subcutaneous route. The humoral immunity was tested by ELISA and by a surrogate of viral neutralization test. The cell mediated immunity was also explored.

Results: High levels of antibodies against both antigens (N and RBD) were obtained upon immunization. Additionally, the anti-RBD Abs with neutralizing capacity reacted against the three SARS-CoV-2 variants of RBD assayed, including omicron. At the same time, the Abs also recognized the nucleocapsid proteins from: SARSCoV- 1 and SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron.

Conclusion: Taken together, these results make the bivalent formulation tested, an attractive component of a pan Corona vaccine able to broaden the scope of humoral immunity against both antigens. This will be particularly important in the reinforcement of immunity from previously vaccinated and/or infected populations.

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