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Abstract

The disposal of waste products, particularly in sewage treatment facilities and the ocean, poses significant environmental and public health challenges due to the presence of pathogens and pollutants. Disinfection methods play a crucial role in mitigating these risks by effectively eliminating harmful microorganisms and contaminants. This paper explores various disinfection techniques utilized in sewage treatment facilities and marine environments, highlighting their efficacy, limitations, and environmental impacts. Additionally, it examines emerging technologies and innovative approaches for disinfecting waste products to ensure sustainable and safe wastewater management practices. By comprehensively evaluating disinfection strategies, this study aims to provide insights into improving waste treatment processes and safeguarding ecosystems and human health.