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Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation, pain, and progressive joint damage. Despite advancements in pharmacological treatments, there remains a significant need for novel therapeutic approaches to effectively manage and potentially reverse the disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option due to their immunomodulatory properties, regenerative capabilities, and potential to repair damaged tissues. This survey aims to explore the therapeutic potential of MSCs in the management of rheumatoid arthritis, providing a comprehensive overview of current research, mechanisms of action, and clinical outcomes.

We review the role of MSCs in modulating the immune response, promoting tissue repair, and influencing the disease microenvironment in RA. Key topics include the mechanisms through which MSCs exert their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, their ability to differentiate into chondrocytes and other relevant cell types, and the impact of MSC therapy on disease progression and joint function. The review also addresses the challenges associated with MSC therapy, such as cell source, delivery methods, and patient-specific factors. Recent clinical trials and preclinical studies suggest that MSCs can reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and improve joint function in RA patients. However, the effectiveness and safety of MSC therapy remain areas of active investigation. This survey highlights both the promising findings and the current limitations of MSC-based treatments, aiming to provide a balanced perspective on their potential as a transformative approach in RA management. In conclusion, while MSCs represent a hopeful avenue for RA treatment, further research is needed to optimize their application, establish standardized protocols, and fully elucidate their long-term effects. This review underscores the importance of ongoing studies to advance our understanding and utilization of MSCs in combating rheumatoid arthritis.