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Abstract

Pathological fractures are a common complication of musculoskeletal tumors, occurring when weakened bone is unable to withstand normal mechanical stresses. These fractures pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management, as they often signify advanced disease and require a multidisciplinary approach. This article reviews the etiology and clinical presentation of pathological fractures in primary and metastatic musculoskeletal tumors, highlighting the critical role of imaging and histopathological evaluation in diagnosis. Treatment strategies, including surgical intervention, systemic therapies, and palliative care, are discussed with a focus on balancing oncological control and functional outcomes. Emphasis is placed on personalized treatment plans and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize patient care and quality of life.