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Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide and represents a substantial economic and social burden throughout the world. Asthma can develop at any age in life including adult hood. Most patients have poor access to health care; this is even true of the poorest minorities in industrialized countries. The study is aimed to assess the prevalence of asthma and factors that lead patients visit health institutions.

Methodology: Institutional based cross sectional study design with retrospective data extraction was conducted, for which recorded data of asthmatic case were obtained from Dessie Referral Hospital from April 1, 2018 to April 1, 2019. The data was entered into Epi info version 7 and exported & analyze in SPSS. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify association between each independent variable and outcome variable. Statistical significance was determined using OR with the corresponding p value. Hosmer-Lemeshow test used to check model fitness. In the final model those variables with p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistical significant and it was presented on odds ratio (OR), with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Result: From the total of 423 patient 44 patients (10.4%) were diagnosed with bronchial asthma. In the study about, 39 (88.63%) had wheezing, 36(81.81%) had cough, 35(79.54%) had Dyspnea, 13(29.54%) had rhinitis, 19(43.19%) sinusitis. 3(6.82%) atopic dermatitis, and 5(11.37) had altered mental status.

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of bronchial asthma in emergency with no difference in sex. The mean age was 46.76. The prevalence was high in age group of 34-43 and54-63. Majority of the patients with asthma were urban dwellers. Wheezing, dyspnea (breathing trouble) and Cough were the predominant symptoms and signs seen in the study. Up-to-date training should be given to ED staffs for properly classification of bronchial asthma based on severity and should have guide line for classification of asthma based on severity were recommended.

Keywords: Asthma; Predominant symptoms