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Abstract

Heel pain, most frequently caused by plantar fasciitis (PF), is a common complaint of many patients requiring specialized orthopedic care and is usually chronic pain under the heel. In this article, we discuss the anatomy of plantar fasciitis and its histopathologic features, factors associated with PF, clinical features, imaging studies, differential diagnosis, and various therapeutic modalities used to treat PF. We review studies conducted by prominent practitioners, with a particular focus on non-surgical treatments. Anti-inflammatory medications, plantar stretching, and orthotics turned out to be top priorities. Corticosteroid injections, nocturnal splints, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy were the next priorities for patients with PF. Surgical intervention should be considered in patient’s refractory to the above treatments.