Research Article
Prolonged Grief Disorder among Indian Women Widowed by Communal Violence
Mukimulhasan Saiyad1, Caroline H Abbott2, Alaka Ray3, Vankar GK1, Arun Kumar1, Chetan Patel1, Rahul Shidhaye1, Seema Garg1, Nilesh Bhaiya1 and Holly G Prigerson2*1Department of Psychiatry, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
2Center for Psychosocial Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
3Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- *Corresponding Author:
- Holly G Prigerson
Center for Psychosocial Epidemiology and Outcomes Research
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Tel: 617-459-3304
Fax: 617-582-7450
E-mail: holly_prigerson@dfci.harvard.edu
Received date: September 07, 2013; Accepted date: November 12, 2013; Published date: November 16, 2013
Citation: Saiyad M, Abbott CH, Ray A, Vankar GK, Kumar A et al. (2013) Prolonged Grief Disorder among Indian Women Widowed by Communal Violence. J Palliat Care Med 3:165. doi: 10.4172/2165-7386.1000165
Copyright: © 2013 Saiyad M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Prolonged Grief Disorder is a common and debilitating condition with diagnostic criteria that have only recently been proposed and tested, primarily in the United States. Widows who had lost their husbands in communal riots in 2002 in India were evaluated for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) using validated diagnostic criteria. Of the 110 widows studied, 24 (21.8%) met criteria for PGD, 60 (54.5%) met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) and 33 (30.0%) met criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Phi coefficients revealed some modest overlap between diagnoses; PGD and MDD: phi=0.261; PGD and PTSD: phi=0.375; MDD and PTSD: phi=0.398. A minority (37.3%) of the women did not meet criteria for any of the assessed mental disorders. Self-reported emotional impact of trauma and having another family member injured in the riots were present more frequently among women with PGD compared to women with MDD and PTSD, respectively (p<0.05). Compared with widows without PGD, widows with PGD had the highest mean levels of disability and psychiatric distress, including suicidality, with 75% reporting suicidal ideation. Muslim women reported significantly (p<0.05) more global distress than Hindu women, indicating a need for future research on cultural and religious influences on widowhood. PGD is a significant problem among Indian widows who survived communal violence.
