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Abstract

Cardiac diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating effective diagnostic techniques for accurate assessment and management. Radiological imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up of cardiac diseases, ranging from coronary artery disease (CAD) to congenital heart defects and heart failure. Over the past few decades, advances in imaging technologies have significantly improved the ability to assess cardiac structure, function, and perfusion. This review explores the various imaging modalities used in the radiological evaluation of cardiac disease, including X-ray, echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear imaging. Emphasis is placed on the clinical applications of these technologies, their advantages, limitations, and the latest advancements, with a particular focus on how they contribute to early diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized management of cardiac patients.