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Abstract

The forefoot is a critical anatomical region of the foot, encompassing the metatarsals, phalanges, and associated soft tissues. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the anatomical structure, biomechanical function, and clinical considerations of the forefoot. Anatomically, the forefoot comprises five metatarsal bones and their corresponding phalanges, forming the foundation for weight-bearing and locomotion. Biomechanically, it plays a pivotal role in distributing forces during gait and supporting dynamic movements. The review explores the intricate interplay of bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles that contribute to the stability and mobility of the forefoot. Clinical considerations encompass a spectrum of common pathologies such as metatarsalgia, Morton's neuroma, hallux valgus, and hammer toes, detailing their etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options ranging from conservative management to surgical interventions. Additionally, the role of footwear design, orthotic devices, and rehabilitative strategies in managing forefoot disorders is discussed to optimize functional outcomes and enhance patient quality of life. By integrating anatomical insights with biomechanical and clinical perspectives, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the forefoot's complexities, facilitate informed decisionmaking in clinical practice, and promote advancements in orthopedic and podiatric care.