Research Article
The Burden of HIV Associated Drug Resistance Mutations in an Early Infant Diagnosis Program: A Glance through the Paediatric Window of Zimbabwe
| Monalisa T Manhanzva1*, Junior Mutsvangwa2, Ingrid A Beck3, Lisa M Frenkel3,4, Mqondisi Tshabalala5, Justen Manasa6, Alltalents T Murahwa1,5 and Lovemore Gwanzura1 | ||
| 1University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, P.O. Box A178 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe | ||
| 2Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe | ||
| 3 University of Washington, Seattle WA USA | ||
| 4Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, 1900 9th Avenue, Washington, USA | ||
| 5University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, P.O. Box A178 Avondale, Harare | ||
| 6African Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa | ||
| Corresponding Author : | Monalisa T. Manhanzva University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Department of Medical laboratory Sciences P.O. Box A178 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe E-mail: monalisatatenda@gmail.com |
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| Received October 25, 2014; Accepted January 03, 2014; Published January 07, 2014 | ||
| Citation: Manhanzva MT, Mutsvangwa J, Beck IA, Frenkel LM, Tshabalala M, et al. (2015) The Burden of HIV Associated Drug Resistance Mutations in an Early Infant Diagnosis Program: A Glance through the Paediatric Window of Zimbabwe. J Infect Dis Ther 3:198. doi:10.4172/2332-0877.1000198 | ||
| Copyright: ©2015 Manhanzva MT, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | ||
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Abstract
There is paucity of information on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug-resistance mutations in infants infected despite prevention of mother to child transmission in Zimbabwe. This study examined 32 dried blood spot specimens from HIV- 1 C infected infants born alive to women receiving antiretroviral therapy, who were part of the WHO/ResNet early infant diagnosis program between January 2010 and January 2011. The objective was to determine the patterns and levels of HIV drug resistance and inform on policy formulation. Overall HIV prevalence of the infants in the retrospect study period was 2.4% (32/1356). Half of the samples (16/32) analyzed had HIV associated drug resistance mutations, however excluding polymorphic mutations the HIV drug resistant mutations were 25% (8/32). Frequencies of the mutations were (E138A, n=6; G190A, n=1; M230ML, n=1; K103KN, n=1; Y181C, n=5; V90VI, n=1; E138G, n=1; E138EA, n=1). One patient had two mutations the K103KN and the Y181C. Of the sixteen patients with HIV drug resistance mutations, 5 had nevirapine only resistance, none had lamivudine resistance and 8 had both etravirine and rilpivirine resistance, 2 had both nevirapine, efavirenz and 1 had rilpivirine only. The study shows an apparent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) drug resistance predominance and suggests a judicious use of NNRTI regimens and a prudent strategy to minimize the selection of drug resistance mutations.
