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Abstract

Cancer imaging has undergone a remarkable transformation with the advent of molecular insights via endoscopy. This review article delves into the cutting-edge developments and applications of this innovative approach, highlighting its potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment. Recently, great advancements have been made in endoscopic instruments, including new developments in optical designs, light sources, optical fibers, miniature scanners, and multimodal systems, allowing for improved resolution, greater tissue penetration, and multispectral imaging. In addition, progress has been made in the development of highly-specific optical probes, allowing for improved specificity for molecular targets. Integration of these new endoscopic instruments with molecular probes provides a unique opportunity for significantly improving patient outcomes and has potential to further improve early detection; image guided therapy, targeted therapy, and personalized medicine.