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Esterases, lipases and cholinesterases belong to a superfamily of phylogenetically related proteins with representatives in
Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea. Among these we have studied some thermostable members of the Hormone Sensitive
Lipase family. The thermophilic esterase EST2 from
Alyciclobacillus acidocaldarius
shows high catalytic activity (about 7000 U/
mg on p-nitrophenyl-esters), and promiscuous activities on thioesters, acyl-glycerol esters, vinyl esters and acetylated sugars.
From a biotechnological point of view the enzyme is interesting as active component of a biosensor against organophosphate
pesticides and in the hydrolysis or synthesis of industrially interesting esters. Here it is reported a comprehensive analysis
through alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the contribution of surface ion pairs to the thermal stability of EST2, which are
involved also in substrate specificity. Several mutants have been produced as single and double mutants corresponding to
selected ion pairs; furthermore, residues of a large ion network on the protein surface have been changed to disrupt the network.
The study of the individual factors involved in thermostability and their structural interpretation reveals that the high stability
of this thermophilic protein can be explained by the contribution of a few residues at the protein surface. Comparative analyses
of EST2 with the homologous hyperthermophilic esterase AFEST from
Archaeoglubus fulgidus
have suggested some surface
residues that could potentially increase the thermal stability of EST2. Accordingly, the site-direct mutagenesis of these residues
led to obtain a variant of EST2 with increased thermostability compared to the wild type enzyme. A further characterization
of these mutants will be reported.
Biography
Luigi Mandrich is currently a staff researcher at the Institute of Protein Biochemistry of the National Research Council. He graduated in Biological Sciences at the
University of Naples ?Federico II?, and in 2004 received the PhD in Industrial Biotechnology.During his training he moved to The Netherland and Argentina to exploit
new approaches to the use of exogenous enzymes in cheese making. He has carried out research in the field of biochemistry, and enzymes biotechnological
applications. He is involved in research projects concerning the technology of recombinant DNA to produce and study human and bacterial proteins involved in
detoxification of pesticides and to counteract pathogens infections. He is co-author of more than 40 papers on international peer reviewed journals, and he is Editor
of the ?Cloning and Transgenesis? journal.
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