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The application of bacteria for ecological engineering purposes is becoming increasingly popular. Microbial carbonate
precipitation has gained interest in the last 20 years in civil engineering, because of the selective cementation due to
formation of deposits commonly called calcite crystals. These CaCO3 crystals have advantages in special structures and excellent
material properties through biomimetic synthesis. Microbial calcite precipitation comprises of a series of complex biochemical
reactions. Certain bacterial species produce urease enzyme which is responsible for raising the pH of the system and production
of carbonate crystals. However, studies related to carbonic anhydrase on calcite precipitation by these bacteria have not been
studied in detail. In the present study we have studied the role of urease (UA) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the calcium
carbonate biomineralization by Bacillus megaterium (SS3) isolated from calcareous soils of Anantapur district of Andhra
Pradesh, India. Two types of experimental systems with and without B. megaterium which could produce extracellular UA and
CA were studied to determine the effect of bacteria and bacterial produced UA and CA in calcite precipitation. The results showed
that precipitation of Ca2+ was significantly faster in the experimental system with bacteria than that without bacteria. The effect
of UA inhibitor acetahydroxamic acid and CA inhibitor acetazolamide was also studied to find the role of these enzymes in
calcite precipitation. The results showed that calcite precipitation significantly reduced when both inhibitors are present in the
system compared to the individual inhibitors. SEM and XRD analyses also confirmed the precipitation of calcite crystals by this
bacterium. These results suggest that bacteria themselves could serve as nucleation sites for calcite precipitation and both UA and
CA are involved in precipitation of Ca2+.
Biography
M. Sudhakara Reddy has completed his PhD from University of Madras and postdoctoral studies from University of Lyon, France. He is the Professor
and Head, Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala. He has supervised 12 Ph.D. theses and published more than 70 papers in
reputed journals. He also handled many research projects as Principal Investigator sponsored by different funding agencies such as DBT, DST,
CSIR, UGC, AERB, and CEFIPRA. He is also honoured as Fellow of Mycological society of India and Fellow of Association of Biotechnology and
Pharmacy.
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