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One of the new and important ways of plant propagation is micropropagation or tissue culture technique. Apple is a
candidate species of micropropagation for large number of root-stocks and scion cultivars. Although there are advantages
of micropropagation, there are still problems associated with its commercial applications, like the browning due to the exudation
of phenolics into the medium as a response to wounding at excision. The objective of the present study is to develop an efficient
micropropagation protocol for two different apple cultivars (cv Golden Delicious and cv Red Delicious) to the avoidance of
polyphenic oxidation during the first stage of in vitro technique establishment. As primary explants apical buds and mature
seeds are used, and are evaluated for their efficiency during the first stage of proliferation and regeneration. Bud explants are
treated by diverse methods like the use of antioxidants (ascorbic acid, citric acid, PVP), adsorbing agents (activated charcoal
and PVP) and physical treatments like darkness or the frequent transfer of explants to fresh medium. The most optimal
method results the use of Murashige & Skoog medium supplemented with MS vitamins and combined with cytokinin BAP
(1 mg.l-1) and auxin IBA (0.1 mg.l-1), ascorbic acid (0.1%) and citric acid (0.1%) in darkness conditions. In spite of this, the
method is effective for only 43% of primary explants. A parallel experiment is conducted using mature seeds cultivated in MS
media combined with cytokinin BAP (1 mg.l-1) and auxin NAA (0.1 mg.l-1) and in a 16/8 light/dark regime. The regeneration
percentage is very high (99%) and there are observed no signs of phenolics exudation onto nutrient media. The success of the
first stage of proliferation affects the optimal development of the explants in the other stages of micropropagation.
Biography
Dr. Valbona Sota has completed her PhD in Plant Biotechnology from University of Tirana, Albania. Since 2008 she is working as Lecturer -Researcher in the Department of Biotechnology at University of Tirana. More than 40 presentations of scientific research, 13 of them as first author; 19 original research papers, 8 of them as first author; Coauthor in a monograph; Author of two Text-books for students.