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Spain is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with an extensive group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, and several small territories on and near the North African coast.

Geographically the mainland of Spain is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Along with France and Morocco, it is one of only three countries to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. Extending to 1,214 km (754 mi), the Portugal–Spain border is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union.

Spain being the Europe's fourth largest country and with a growth rate of 1.3% has doubled research and development spending to 47 billion euros (US$65 billion) for 2008-2011 to be part of more competitive atmosphere in science & Research. They started many research program related to agriculture like Agryfood and Forestry Research and Innovation Program and there is a list of agriculture journals like Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research.

As other fields are growing but still with 24.75% arable land agriculture remains a significant part of Spain’s national economy and landscape. Spain has more than 29 million acres (11.7 million hectares) under permanent crops, the largest such area in Europe. About 6 percent of Spain’s workers are employed in agriculture, and they produce about 3 percent of the county’s GDP by growing grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus and many more other crops. Major trading partners with Spain are France, Germany, China, Portugal, Italy, UK, Netherlands. Auburn University: College of Agriculture is one the famous universities known for its major agriculture researches and projects. For more focused research there are Spain agriculture journals which are providing more recent and updated techniques.