Review Article
Rare and Serious Side Effects in Chronic Pain after Opioids
| Sukhminder Jit Singh Bajwa* | |
| Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Gian Sagar Medical College & Hospital, India | |
| Corresponding Author : | Sukhminder Jit Singh Bajwa MD, Associate Professor Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine Gian Sagar Medical College & Hospital, India Tel: 09915025828/01752352182 3231 E-mail: sukhminder_bajwa2001@yahoo.com |
| Received March 08, 2012; Accepted March 30, 2012; Published April 03, 2012 | |
| Citation: Singh Bajwa SJ (2012) Rare and Serious Side Effects in Chronic Pain after Opioids. J Pain Relief 1:106. doi: 10.4172/2167-0846.1000106 | |
| Copyright: © 2012 Singh Bajwa SJ. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | |
Abstract
Opioids have been used since centuries for relief of both acute and chronic pain. The known and established side effects associated with usage of opioids such as nausea, vomiting, pruritis, respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention, sedation and addiction constitute the main limitation while titration of the doses. Besides these established side effects, newer side effects of opioids are being reported with prolonged usage which has been rarely mentioned in the literature. These side effects are diverse in their presentation and have virtually involved every organ system ranging from cardio-vascular, pulmonary, immunologic, endocrine, musculo-skeletal, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and so on. The present review elaborates in detail about these new serious side effects which have been reported rarely till now.
