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The accumulation of amyloid 尾-peptide (A尾) into insoluble plaques in the brain is a key event in the pathogenesis of
Alzheimer锟絪 Disease. The first step in A尾 formation is the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the 尾-site
APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1). The processing of APP by BACE1 can be regulated by a number of different proteins; in
this study we sought to identify proteins that modulate BACE1 cleavage of APP using an siRNA screening approach.An
siRNA screen was performed using a protease sub-library to knockdown the expression of a range of different proteases (430
targets) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing an N-terminal alkaline phosphatase tagged APP695 construct (APAPP)
and overexpressing BACE1. APP and BACE1 siRNA knockdown were tested as positive controls and a WST-1 cell
proliferation assay was used to check cell number. Following siRNA knockdown APP processing was monitored by analysis
of conditioned media for alkaline phosphatase activity to measure soluble AP-APP fragments. 25 proteins were identified to
significantly affect APP cleavage in the initial screen: 22 positive regulators (decreased APP cleavage) and 3 negative regulators
(increased APP cleavage) of APP processing were identified. Of the 22 positive regulators, 5 were selected as potential hit
candidates (Neurolysin, Bone Morphogenic Protein 1 (BMP-1), Lipoprotein A (Lpa), Kalikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6)
and Matrix Metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7)) and were further tested for their effects on APP processing by analysis of sAPP尾
levels by western blot. Neurolysin, BMP-1, Lpa and MMP7 were shown to not specifically affect BACE processing of APP as
determined by analysingsAPP尾; KLK6, however, significantly decreasedsAPP尾. The effect of siRNA knockdown of KLK6 on
APP processing was further investigated by analyzing sAPP伪, sAPP尾 and A尾 using the Mesoscale Discovery System. KLK6
knockdown significantly decreased sAPP尾 and also decreased A尾38, A尾40 and A尾42, although not significantly. In addition
KLK6 knockdown also decreased sAPP伪. These changes were not due to a change in total APP levels, as determined by western
blot. These data indicated that KLK6 may affect APP processing and the effect of KLK6 on APP processing warrants further
investigation. In addition, we have validated an siRNA screening approach for identifying novel regulators of APP processing.
Biography
Katherine Kellett received her PhD from King锟絪 College London in 2005 and has since worked in the laboratory of Professor Nigel Hooper, researching into
Alzheimer锟絪 disease and mammalian proteases for the last 9 years. In this time she has worked on two grants funded by Alzheimer锟絪 Research UK and has
published 12 papers. Along with the rest of Professor Nigel Hooper锟絪 research group, Kate recently moved her work to the University of Manchester.
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