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One-third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
that survives and replicates within human macrophages. TB is characterized by a long chronic stage of infection and
progressive pathology that mainly compromises (90% of cases) the respiratory system (World Health Organization, 2012). The
current recommended TB chemotherapy includes: Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. However, patient's
non-compliance, several side effects and multi-drug resistant TB infections, often make ineffective the therapy.
The present research was aimed to improve the effectiveness of the treatment by a non-conventional therapy and using
the respiratory tract as a novel administration route for rifampicin, a first-line anti-TB drug. This approach involved the
design of solid lipid microparticles (SLM) as drug delivery system (DDS) showing benefits in terms of biocompatibility, easy
of preparation without organic solvents, long-term stability, low cost of materials and procedures as well as easy of scale-up.
The study dealt with the formula optimization in order to provide SLM characterized by physicochemical properties proper
for the delivery by a dry powder inhaler (DPI) device, for the targeting to alveolar macrophages and for the drug intracellular
activity. SLM (~1 μm) loaded with rifampicin were developed by melt emulsification technique using biocompatible lipids and
surfactants. They exhibited suitable breathability, negative surface charge promoting the uptake by the alveolar macrophages,
good drug loading level, ability to be taken up by macrophage cell lines and antibiotic intracellular activity. Therefore, the lipid
microcarrier proposed could be considered a promising DDS in a perspective of an inhaled therapy for the treatment of TB
infection.
Biography
Valentina Iannuccelli is the Head of a research team developing micro- and nano-carriers as skin, oral and pulmonary drug delivery systems at the University of
Modena and Reggio Emilia for more than twenty years. She has been Professor of several courses for the faculty of Farmacy at the same University. She has
published more than 60 papers in reputed journals and it has been associated investigator of the research unit program in nationally relevant projects.
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