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PM2.5 in Beijing � Temporal pattern and its association with influenza
International Conference on Influenza
Qinghua Sun1, Yijia Liang1, Liqun Fang2, Hui Pan3, Kezhong Zhang4, Haidong Kan5 and Jeffrey R Brook6
1The Ohio State University, USA
2Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, China
3Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
4Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
5Fudan University, China
6Environment Canada, Canada
Background: Air pollution in Beijing, especially PM2.5, has received increasing attention in the past years. Despite Beijing
being one of the most polluted cities in the world, there has still been a lack of quantitative research regarding the health impact
of PM2.5 on the impact of diseases in Beijing. In this study, we aimed to characterize temporal pattern of PM2.5 and its potential
association with human influenza in Beijing.
Methods: Based on the data collected on �¬�¬hourly ambient PM2.5 from year 2008 to 2013 and on monthly human influenza
cases from 2008 and 2011, we investigated temporal patterns of PM2.5 over the five-year period and utilized the wavelet approach
to exploring the potential association between PM2.5 and influenza.
Results: Our results found that ambient PM2.5 pollution was severe in Beijing with PM2.5 concentrations being significantly
higher than the standards of the World Health Organization, the US EPA, and the Chinese EPA in the majority of days during
the study period. Furthermore, PM2.5 concentrations in the winter heating seasons were higher than those in non-heating
seasons despite high variations. We also found significant association between ambient PM2.5 peak and human influenza case
increase with a delayed effect (e.g. delayed effect of PM2.5 on influenza).
Conclusions: Ambient PM2.5 concentrations were significantly associated with human influenza cases in Beijing, which have
important implications for public health and environmental actions.