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Abstract

This experiment was planned to study the effect of opium on biochemical and hematological factors in human and hamsters with focus on cholesterol and triglyceride hemostasis via LXR alpha. Normal and high cholesterol diet (HCD) addicted Syrian golden hamsters were used in this study. Biochemical and hematological factors were measured after one month. The mRNA and protein levels of LXR were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Histological changes of liver and intestine were examined by a light microscope. For human study, biochemical and hematological parameters were determined for 500 male (250 addicts and 250 controls). GC-Mass spectrometry of opium showed presence of about 30% alkaloids (morphine 16%, thebaine 4.4%, papaverine 3.2%, and codeine 5.5%) and the rest was non-alkaloidal agents, inorganic material and 13.5% water. Opium changed some biochemical, hematological and antioxidant test in human and hamsters (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of intestinal LXR were significantly increased in addicted animals in comparison with non-addicted (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of liver LXR were significantly increased in HCD and HCD+ opium group (P<0.05). Opium consumption also, produced severe injuries in the intestine and liver of hamsters. Our findings indicated that opium reduced total cholesterol, probably via LXR expression in hamster. However, opium also increased the level of malondialdehyde, triglyceride, platelet, and reduced total antioxidant capacity and white blood cell.

Biography

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