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Abstract

Obesity is increasing in epidemic proportion around the world with most concern for health issues among children. Vitamin D (25OHD) deficiency is reported worldwide. Low 25OHD levels are associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance with increased risk of cardiovascular complication in adulthood. Studies suggest that a low vitamin D which is linked to dysregulation of white adipose tissue and that calcium influences adipocyte metabolism. Dietary calcium has been also shown to increase fecal fat excretion. Deficiency of vitamin D in children is linked with further comorbidities in life such as hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as other cardiovascular-related diseases, such as diabetes associated with impairment of cooperative signaling from the 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-activated vitamin D receptor (VDR). Vitamin D and calcium insufficiency causes cellular dysfunction in many organs and could increase the risk of diseases, particularly of osteoporosis, colorectal and breast cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type-1, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type-2, hypertensive and cardiovascular disease. This research focuses on the mechanisms by which calcium and vitamin D could help regulate body weight and might be able to prevent comorbidities in overweight children.

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